My final research question is: How did various ethnic groups that immigrated to the District of Columbia effect the public schools systems from the 19th century to present? How did different cases of legal debates on integration of race into the public school systems create different effects in the District of Columbia?
I chose this topic on integration into the D.C. public schools because until recently it has been an ongoing battle of whether or not public schools could be integrated between different races. To me personally, the debate itself comes off a waste of time and money. It should be perfectly acceptable for different races to get the same education under the same building. However, many other people disagree and it established a huge battle of lawsuits and protests in the D.C. area as well as across the country. I want to understand why this was such a serious issue, how it was handled, and how it has been resolved.
These are my five primary sources (may be subject to change)
1) Our Own Correspondent. “Racial Issue In U.S. Schools.” Times [London, England] 8 Oct. 1954: 8. The Times Digital Archive, 1785-2008. Web. 25 Mar. 2014.
This is a newspaper article printed in 1954 about the integration of public schools, focused in Baltimore and D.C.
2) Winerip, Michael. “American Can Save Its City Schools.” The New York Times 7 Nov. 1993. Web. 25 Mar. 2014
This article is discussing how integration can actually make public schools for efficient for students and to help them graduate and overall do better in school.
3) “Racial Integration of Schools.” 1957-1960. Fastimages.net Film 25 Mar.2014
I found a website that has primary source videos and clips that are related to racial integration in the school system. They show how white students would act around black students trying to go to school, protests, and violent behavior to black dummies that hung on trees outside of the schools. There were military involved just in case riots broke out.
4) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2XHob_nVbw
This clip on youtube shows insight to the Brown vs. Board of Education lawsuit. It has images of the affair and short clips discussing what happened and the results.
5) Supreme Court decision that changed the nation Brown vs Board of Education. United States. Supreme Court; Guidance Associates. Mount Kisco, N.Y.: 1986. VHS
I have to go to the Johnson Center Library and rent the video, but it has the outcome of the Brown vs. Board of Education video.
Secondary Sources
1) The DC Schools Project
This article is about the different teachers and teacher aids reaching out to students of different ethnic minorities and helping them with english as well as adjusting to American culture. This article is relevant because it shows how this system helps the students adjust and how it makes an impact on the school systems by integrating different minorities.
The D.C. Schools Project Martha Farmelo TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Sep., 1987), pp. 578-582
2) The Scholastic Performances of Negro and White Pupils in the Integrated Public Schools of the District of Columbia
This article is relevant because it takes both the perspective of non segregated schools and segregated schools and determine how well the students do in each setting.
The Scholastic Performances of Negro and White Pupils in the Integrated Public Schools of the District of Columbia
This article is about the public schools in DC before they started integrating African American children with white children. The end of the article is about whether or not DC will make public schools separate but equal or entirely integrated.
The Education of Negroes in the District of Columbia Mary A. Morton The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 16, No. 3, The Availability of Education in the Negro Separate School (Summer, 1947), pp. 325-339
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